Smart meters are no longer passive data collectors; they are intelligent IoT nodes at the grid edge, central to the energy sector’s digital transformation. These devices collect, store, and transmit granular energy data to enable demand response, predictive maintenance, and decarbonisation efforts. However, as utilities embrace digitalisation, the focus often remains on securing communications, while the local embedded storage within smart meters is frequently overlooked. This under-secured component can become a critical vulnerability with wide-reaching operational, financial, and regulatory consequences if compromised.

Smart meters are designed to operate in the field for up to 15–20 years, gathering and storing sensitive information, including billing records, firmware logs, and customer data. If this stored data is accessed, manipulated, or erased, whether through physical tampering or remote attacks, the impact can affect billing systems, regulatory compliance, and customer trust. The danger often goes unnoticed until it manifests through billing disputes, inaccurate forecasting, or operational failures. As the IoT landscape expands within energy systems, protecting data at rest in smart meters is a business-critical element that cannot be ignored.

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